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Marine Tutorials

Marine Navigation & Engineering Tutorials

Georgian College’s Great Lakes International Marine Training and ResearchCentre (GLIMTRC) will be offering navigation and engineering tutorials in a new format. All of our tutorials will be offered in a traditional classroom setting taught by highly qualified marine professionals. Sections of some tutorial subjects will be offered as home study, where you can study at your own pace and from the comfort of your own home.  

 Navigation tutorial subjects that GLIMTRC will be offering in 2012 are:

Chartwork & Pilotage Level 1 & 2 (C/P 1 & 2)

C/P 1 & 2 is required for the following Transport Canada Certificate of Competencies:

  • Fishing Master 3rd class
  • Watchkeeping Mate
  • Watchkeeping Mate, Near Coastal
  • Chief Mate 500 GT Domestic
  • Master 150 GT Domestic

This course will be offered as self-study and will be available mid-January 2012.

Course details outlining how and where:

Recommended textbook (optional and not mandatory):
• Marine Chartwork second edition. Book by DA Moore.
C/P 2 learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1) Ability to determine the ship’s position by use of: landmarks; aids to navigation, including lighthouses, beacons and buoys; dead reckoning, taking into account winds, tides, currents and estimated speed.

Definitions and Datums – Earth
Definition of great circles, small circle, spherical angle, spherical triangle, poles of a great circle; Definition of earth’s poles, equator and meridians; Definition of latitude and parallels of latitude, prime meridian and longitude; Definition of difference of latitude, and difference of longitude; Definition of international nautical mile, cable and knot; The earth as an ellipsoid; Definition of compression, and state its value;  Definition of directions on the earth’s surface; The direction of the ship’s head on a gyro-compass (gyro course); The direction of the ship’s head on a magnetic compass (compass course);  The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) and the Geodetic Reference System of 1980.

2) Ability to determine the ship’s position by use of: landmarks; aids to navigation, including lighthouses, beacons and buoys; dead reckoning, taking into account winds, tides, currents and estimated speed.

Position lines and position fixing.
Definition of position; Ability to fix the ship’s position by means at the disposal of the OOW, including electronic navigational aids;   Considerations to be taken into account, including errors and limitations of equipment; the correction and plotting of bearings taken visually or by radar and the limitations of accuracy inherent in each of these methods; Given the radar distance of a charted object, ability to plot the position circle on a chart; Ability to plot a position on the chart from simultaneous cross bearings and from a bearing and distance off; Definition of dead reckoning position (DR), estimated position and fixed position; Ability to plot a dead reckoning position on the chart; Ability to plot an estimated position on the chart; Ability to plot position lines – straight line, circle, hyperbola; Ability to find a position line by bearing, horizontal angle, vertical sextant angle, transit line and radio aids; Ability to determine a position by a combination of bearing distance and the methods in the above objective; Ability to find a position by simultaneous bearings of two objects; Ability to find the distance that the ship will pass off a given point when abeam; Ability to construct a position line to clear a navigational danger by a given distance.

Courses and distances
Definition of course and distance; Ability to convert true courses laid-off to magnetic courses, including determination of variation at any place;  conversion of true courses to gyro, magnetic and compass courses and vice versa; determining the up-to-date value of variation and interpolating for variation at a given locality from isogoniclines or compass roses; use of transit lines, azimuth and amplitude to determine compass error;  Ability to lay off true course between two positions;  Ability to find the distance between two positions; Knowledge of distance measurement on nautical chart.

Effect of wind and current
Ability to calculate the speed between two positions; Definition of set, rates, drift and leeway due to wind; Definition of ship’s speed, effective speed, course and distance made good, applied leeway; The allowing for effects of wind and tide; the problem of combining vectors of wind, current, tidal effect and course to steer to arrive at course made good; Ability to find the course and distance made good with a tidal stream or current; Ability to find the course to steer, allowing for tidal stream or current; Ability to find the set and rate of tidal stream or current;  Ability to find the set and rate of tidal current that may be expected at a given point from information given in tide and current table or on the chart and awareness of the possibly of a significant effect of weather on the reliability of the information so obtained ; Explain the term running fix and use the method to plot a position; Ability to find positions by running fix in a tidal stream or current.

3) Knowledge of principles of construction of the different types of charts and their use

Theory of Tides.
Definition of tidal terms in common use in CHS and United States tide tables as spring tide, neap tide, height of tide, high water, low water, mean high water springs, mean high water neaps, mean low water springs, mean low water neaps, range, chart datum; General understanding of tidal phenomena necessary for the comprehension of tidal terms; The methods of predicting tides; The non-astronomical component of sea level; Other irregularities of the tide.

Charts construction and projections
Basic knowledge of chart projections; Definition of natural scale of a chart; large scale charts show a small area in greater detail than small-scale charts; numbering and mode of presentation of information on charts; the cause of chart distortion; The requirements for a chart appropriate for marine navigation; The principles of construction, properties and limitations of the Mercator chart; Ability to classify chart projections by construction methods, properties and characteristics; The values, limitations and purposes in practical navigation of conformal (orthomorphic), Gnomonic, Polyconic, Mercator, Transverse Mercator projections and the Universal Transverse Mercator System; Reliability of charts; indications by which reliability may be judged (e.g., date of original survey and possibility of subsequent surveys, adequacy of recorded soundings, with corrections having been made to date); ECDIS and other electronic chart systems meeting IMO performance standards may substitute for traditional charts.

4) Thorough knowledge of and ability to use navigational charts.

Chart Usage
Ability to use charts of various projections in common use and produced by the Canadian Hydrographic Service, including Mercator, Polyconic and gnomonic charts; the use of charts in the practice of coastal navigation and on ocean passages; the transfer of positions from a chart of one projection to another of a different projection; care and upkeep of charts;  Ability to make chart corrections; The replacement of superseded editions; possessing and using latest available charts and publications, including large-scale charts of the pilotage area duly corrected to date; chart catalogues and numbering.

Information from charts
Ability to recognize and to demonstrate the use of the symbols and abbreviations on a chart, especially lighthouses, buoys, beacons, radio beacons and other navigational marks; Ability to identify the characteristics and range of lights; Ability to recognize coastlines, coast and radar-responsive targets; Ability to interpret coastline contours, bottom topography, depths and nature of bottom; Ability to use the tidal information given on a chart; Ability to recognize traffic lanes and separation zones; Ability to recognize the different type of charts overlaid with lattice charts; Ability to use lattice charts; The danger of placing implicit reliance upon floating navigational aids; The danger of approaching navigational aids too closely; Demonstrate simple passage planning and execution; The use of clearing marks and horizontal and vertical danger angles; Ability to recognize suitable passages, approaches and anchorages in clear weather and thick weather, using radar-responsive targets.

5) Keeping a log

Knowledge of the record of navigational activities and incidents to be kept in accordance with the SOLAS Convention and the Navigation Safety Regulations;  common practice regarding keeping a log; Knowledge of the proper keeping of different kinds of log during ocean passages, coastal navigation and in port;  the duty of the OOW to maintain an accurate log.

6) Thorough knowledge of and ability to use up-to-date publications.

Sailing directions
Familiarity with the contents of preface to Sailing Directions, the important general navigational information contained in the preamble an opening chapter of these volumes.

Tide tables
Ability to calculate tides and heights and low water at reference and secondary ports, and the calculation of depth of water at those times; Use of the calculated depth of water at high and low water to determine the height of water at a given charted position; Ability to determine the predicted time for a given tide level; Ability to estimate set and rate of tidal currents by reference to tidal current tables and by actual observation; The tentative nature of tabulated tidal current values and the need for caution in using them; The use if tidal stream charts; The zero level of the charts.

Charts and Nautical Publications Regulations
General knowledge of the Charts and Nautical Publications Regulations.

Monthly Notices to Mariners and Annual Edition of Notices to Mariners:
Familiarity with the contents; Correction of charts and publications; The importance of chart corrections being kept up to date.

7) Thorough knowledge of and ability to use up-to-date publications 

Symbols, abbreviations and terms (Chart no.1): Familiarity with chart symbols and abbreviations published in the Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart No. 1.

Radio aids to marine navigation: Nature of content.

List of lights:
Familiarity with light characteristics, colours and sound signals used as aids to navigation; Use of Lists of lights, buoys and fog signals; the terms used to define the power of lights; (e.g., geographical range, luminous range, charted range computed range, nominal range, computed visibility; use of a luminous range diagram);   Knowledge of factors controlling the range of visibility; The effect of abnormal refraction fog signals of different types, anomalies of sound propagation in fog, notices regarding lights, lighthouses and buoys;  Ability to calculate the distances of sighting lights and dipping distances.

Ice navigation in Canadian waters:  Nature of content

8. ) Ability to navigate in confined waters

Altering course; transits; leading marks and bearings; Recording the vessel’s progress; Making allowance for height of tide; Preparatory details to be attended to in entering confined waters (e.g. a review of the relevant sections of the sailing directions, ready availability of large-scale charts of the area with proposed track drawn to indicate distances, courses and near dangers noted); Navigational aids with their characteristics to be identified, clearing lines, marks and bearings to be used during the passage to be drawn in, pre-calculation of tidal heights where critical depths of water may be encountered; The maintenance of a record of the vessel’s progress on both charts in logbook, including times of passing successive points, course’s compass error, speed, weather; Fixing the vessel’s position by relative and true bearings, transits; Dead reckoning position, estimated position and observed position.

9) Knowledge of the use of navigational aids in pilotage situations

Pilotage
Thorough knowledge regarding preparations for pilotage; possessing and using latest available charts and publications, including large-scale charts of the pilotage area duly corrected to date, latest sailing directions, Notices to Mariners, Lists of Lights, Traffic Zone Regulations (as applicable), tide tables, copy of Charts and Publications Regulations, Radio Aids to Marine Navigation and chart catalogue;  Familiarity with bridge practices and procedures in pilotage situations;  the requirement to continue the practice of good navigation procedures by the OOW and ship’s personnel generally, and the realization that the presence of a pilot on the bridge does not absolve the ship’s personnel from their continuing responsibility for the safe navigation of the ship;  The duty of the officer of the watch to ensure that the pilot’s advice is understood and effectively carried out; The extent to which reliance is placed on buoys.

10) Thorough knowledge of the Canadian system of buoyage 

Knowledge of the Canadian System of Buoyage in detail; Difference between lateral and cardinal systems; Use of Sailing Directions for determining other buoyage systems in use; Principles and rules of the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities Maritime Buoyage System, Systems “A” and “B”; Understanding of the basic principles employed in the lateral and the cardinal buoyage systems; The importance of consulting the applicable volume of Sailing Directions for details of buoyage system in-force locally prior to entering unfamiliar waters of other countries; Aids to navigation.

Meteorology Level 1 (MET 1)

MET 1 is required for the following Transport Canada Certificates of Competencies:
• Fishing Master, 3rd Class
• Fishing Master, 2nd Class
• Watchkeeping Mate, Near Coastal
• Watchkeeping Mate
• Master 500 GT, Domestic
• Master 500 GT, Near Coastal
• Master 150 GT, Domestic

This course will be offered as self-study and will be available mid-January 2012.

MET 1 learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1) Ability to use and interpret information obtained from shipborne meteorological instruments Shipborne Meteorological instruments Mercurial barometer; Aneroid barometer; Thermometer;
Function of a hygrometer; Basic principles of wind sensors; The basic principles of wind sensors, take and log readings of wind speed.

2) Knowledge of the characteristics of the various weather systems, reporting procedures and recording system

The Atmosphere, its composition and physical properties
The composition of the earth’s atmosphere, mentioning dry air and its constituents, water vapour and aerosols; Ability to draw and label a typical vertical temperature profile through the lower 100 km of the earth’s atmosphere; Definition of troposphere, tropopause, stratosphere, stratopause, mesosphere, mesopause and thermosphere; Ability to describe the main features of the troposphere; The nature of solar radiation, (scattering, reflection and absorption); The effect on insolation of a variation in latitude; The effect on insolation of a variation in the sun’s declination; The effect on insolation of a variation in the length of daylight; Definition of water vapour; The properties of water vapour in the atmosphere; Definition of evaporation, condensation, latent heat of vaporization; Definition of saturated air; The processes of mixing, cooling and the evaporation of water vapour, by which a sample of air may be brought to saturation; Definition of dewpoint, absolute humidity, relative humidity, vapour pressure.

Atmospheric pressure
Knowledge of pressure equals force per unit area; Knowledge of the atmosphere exerts a pressure on any surface within it; Knowledge of the atmosphere pressure on a unit area of a surface is equal to the weight of the air column extending from that surface to the outer fringes of the atmosphere; Ability to explain that atmospheric pressure decreases with height above sea level; Knowledge of atmospheric pressure acts in all directions; What is the basic unit of pressure; What is the average pressure at sea level; Ability to explain that the surface pressure rises if air is added to the column above the surface, and vice versa; Define isobar.

Wind
Definition of wind; The Beaufort scale of wind force; The pressure gradient force; The coriolisforce; The surface wind circulation around high and low pressure centres;
Buys-Ballot’s law; The method of estimating the strength of the wind and direction from the appearance of the sea surface, using the Beaufort wind scale; The difference between apparent and true wind; Ability to determine the true wind velocity by using a vector diagram, given the apparent wind and the ship’s course and speed; The use of a geostrophic wind scale.

Cloud and precipitation
How does clouds form; What does a cloud can consist of; The need for and the definition of condensation nuclei; Ability to name and describe the ten basic cloud types; The probable base heights of the ten principal cloud types; Definition of precipitation, rain, drizzle, hail, snow and sleet; Theory of formation of thunderstorms and lightnings; Associated clouds, conditions within the clouds; Times, seasons and localities of occurrence.

3)Knowledge of the characteristics of the various weather systems, reporting procedures and recording system

 Visibility: 

Definition of fog, mist, haze; Ability to apply the concept of processes leading to supersaturation to a classification of fogs as mixing, cooling or evaporation fogs; The formation of radiation fog; The effect of pollution on the formation of radiation fog; The formation of advection fog; The conditions leading to the formation of sea smoke, and typical areas where sea smoke may be encountered; Methods of estimating the visibility at sea, by day and by night, and the difficulties involved.

The wind and pressure systems over the oceans
Ability to sketch the circulation cells which would exist on a rotating earth, not inclined to its orbit of rotation around the sun, and with a homogeneous surface; Ability to draw the mean surface pressure and wind distribution over the earth’s surface in January and July; The characteristics and location of the doldrums, intertropical convergence zone, trade winds, sub-tropical oceanic highs, westerlies and polar easterlies; Ability to describe a monsoon regime; Areas which experience a true monsoon regime; The causes of monsoon regimes; Ability to apply the concept of horizontal temperature differences to the explanation of the formation of land and sea breezes; The formation of anabatic and katabatic winds; The regions of occurrence of anabatic and katabatic winds; Examples of local winds.

Structure of depressions
Definition of air mass; The formation of air mass; Definition of Source region; The characteristics required of a source region; The source-region characteristics of arctic, polar, tropical and equatorial air-mass types; Definition of warm front and cold front; Recognize the symbols for warm and cold fronts; With the aid of a diagram, ability to describe the weather experienced during the passage of an idealized warm front; With the aid of a diagram, ability to describe the weather experienced during the passage of an idealized cold front; Definition of depression; Ability to identify a depression on a surface synoptic or prognostic chart;
The stages in the life cycle of a polar front depression; Family of depressions; Ability to draw a diagram of a polar front depression, for both northern and southern hemispheres, showing isobars, warm and cold fronts, with circulation and warm sector; Ability to draw a cross-section through a polar front depression, on the poleward and equatorial side of the centre, showing fronts, cloud and precipitation areas; The usual movement of a polar front depression; The weather changes experienced when a frontal depression passes with its centre on the poleward side of an observer in the northern hemisphere and in the southern hemisphere; The process leading to the occlusion of a polar front depression; Ability to identify a trough of low pressure on a surface synoptic or prognostic chart; The weather associated with the passage of a trough.

Anticyclones and other pressure system
Definition of anticyclone; Ability to draw a synoptic pattern of an anticyclone, for both northern and southern hemispheres, showing isobars and wind circulation; Ability to identify an anticyclone on a surface synoptic or prognostic chart; The weather associated with anticyclones; Definition of a ridge of high pressure; Ability to draw a synoptic pattern for a ridge, showing isobars and wind directions; Describe a typical weather sequence during the passage of a ridge between depressions across the observer’s position; Definition of col; Ability to draw a synoptic pattern for a col, showing isobars and wind directions; The weather associated with a col; Ability to identify ridges and cols on a surface synoptic or prognostic chart.

4) Knowledge of the characteristics of the various weather systems, reporting procedures and recording system

Weather services for shipping
The organization, functions and objectives of the World Meteorological Organization; The sources of weather information available to shipping; The information flow between merchant ships and Meteorological Offices; The services provided for shipping by Meteorological offices; The appropriate weather bulletin and the contents of each of its sections; The types of information received by facsimile machine; The services provided for storm warnings.

Recording and reporting weather observations
The need for meteorological codes; Uses the Ship’s Code and Decode book to code a ship’s full report; Uses the Ship’s Code and Decode book to decode a ship’s full report; Uses the Ship’s Code and Decode Book to decode a reduced report from a shore station; Uses Beaufort letter abbreviations for present and past weather and total cloud amount; Interprets a ship or shore station plot.

5)Ability to apply the meteorological information available

Weather Forecasting
Applies previous concepts to the interpretation of symbols and isobaric patterns on weather charts and facsimile charts; Applies previous concepts to the interpretation of synoptic and prognostic charts to ascertain wind directions, areas of strong winds, cloud and precipitation areas, fog areas, ice and areas of fine weather; Explain how weather observations at a ship can be used to improve the forecast derived from synoptic and prognostic charts.

Navigation Safety Level 1 (NS 1)

 NS 1 is required for the following Transport Canada Certificate of Competencies:
• Fishing Master, 3rd Class
• Fishing Master, 4th Class
• Chief Mate 150 GT, Domestic
• Chief Mate 500 GT, Domestic
• Watchkeeping Mate, Near Coastal
• Watchkeeping Mate
• Chief Mate, Limited 
• Master 150 GT, Domestic

This course will be offered as self-study and will be available mid-January 2012.

NS 1 learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1) Thorough knowledge of the content application and intent of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea with Canadian Modifications 1983

Knowledge and application of the content of the Collision Regulations with Canadian Modifications and as amended from time to time, include distress signals.

2) Thorough knowledge of the Principles to be observed in keeping a navigational watch

Principles to be observed in keeping a navigational watch as set out in the STCW Code, section A-VIII/2 regarding watchkeeping at sea and watchkeeping under different conditions and different areas including ship at anchor and watchkeeping in port; Recommendations on operational guidance for officers in charge of a navigational watch as set out in the STCW Code B-VIII/2.

3) Thorough knowledge of effective bridge teamwork procedures

Bridge Teamwork Procedures
Knowledge of the principles of bridge teamwork; Follow principle and procedures regarding: Conduct, handover and relief of the watch; Proper look-out maintained at all times; The responsibility for the safety of navigation to be clearly defined at all times, including periods when the master is on the bridge and while under pilotage;  Bridge tasks are effectively coordinated;  Communications and acknowledgements are well understood;  Grounds on which decisions are made are verified;  Mistakes and unclear situations are promptly reported, accounted for and appropriately corrected.

 

Ship Construction & Stability Level 3 & 4 (SCS 3 & 4)

SCS 3 & 4 is required for the following Transport Canada Certificate of Competencies:
• Watchkeeping Mate, Near Coastal
• Watchkeeping Mate
• Master 150 GT, Domestic (Level 3)
• Chief Mate 500 GT Domestic (Level 3)
• Master 500 GT, Domestic (Level 3)
• Master 500 GT, Near Coastal (Level 3)
• Chief Mate, Limited (Level 3)
• Chief Mate, Near Coastal
• Chief Mate
• Master 3000 GT, Domestic
• Master 3000 GT, Near Coastal
• Master, Near Coastal
• Master Mariner
Course details outlining how and where:

Course date:  Jan 30 to Mar 9, 2012
Course length: 150 hours/6 weeks
Course code: MARI0123
Course hours: 09:00 to 15:00 Monday to Friday (GLIMTRC will contact you if there are any changes.)
Course fee: $2,265.00 (no tax)
Delivery method
Weeks 1 to 6: Delivered in a classroom setting at the Owen Sound Campus (no home study)

SC4 learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1) Working knowledge and application of stability, trim and stress tables, diagrams and stress-calculating equipment

Displacement
Definition of displacement; Given a displacement/draught curve or table find:
a) Displacement for given mean draughts;
b) Mean draught for given displacements;
c) The change in mean draught when given masses are loaded or discharged;
d) The mass of cargo to be loaded or discharged to produce a required change of draught;
Definition of light displacement and load displacement; Definition of deadweight; Ability to use a dead weight scale to find the deadweight and displacement of a ship at various draughts in seawater; Definition of tonnes per centimetre immersion; Why TPC varies with different draughts; Ability to use a deadweight scale to obtain TPC at given draughts;
Ability to use TPC obtained from a deadweight to find:
a) The change of mean draught when given masses are loaded or discharged;
b) The mass of cargo to be loaded or discharged to produce a required change of draught;
Definition of block coefficient (CB); Ability to calculate CB from given displacement and dimensions; Ability to calculate displacement from given CB and dimensions.

Buoyancy
Meaning of buoyancy; Definition of force of buoyancy; What is meant by reserve buoyancy;
Explain the importance of reserve buoyancy; Explain the purpose of load lines; Explain the requirement for maintaining water tight integrity; Ability to demonstrate an understanding of damage stability requirements for certain vessels; The reasons for damage stability requirements;
Ability to identify damage stability requirements for Type A vessels, Type (B-60) and Type (B-100) vessels; Identify equilibrium condition after flooding for Type A, and all Type B vessels; Identify damage stability requirements for passenger vessels.

Fresh Water Allowance
Why the draught of a ship decreases when it passes from fresh water to seawater and vice versa; Given the FWA and TPC for fresh water, ability to calculate the amount which can be loaded after reaching the summer load line when loading in fresh water before sailing into seawater; Ability to use a hydrometer to find the density of dock water; Given the density of dock water and TPC for seawater, ability to calculate the TPC for dock water; Given the density of dock water and FWA, ability to calculate the amount by which the appropriate load line may be submerged; Given the present draught amidships and the density of dock water, ability to calculate the amount to load to bring the ship to the appropriate load line in seawater.

2) Working knowledge and application of stability, trim and stress tables, diagrams and stress-calculating equipment

Statical stability
Definition of centre of gravity (G); Definition of centre of buoyancy (B);
Definition of the lever GZ; How variations in displacement and GZ affect the stability of the ship;
Ability to draw a diagram of a heeled ship, showing:
a) The forces B and G;
b) The lever GZ

Initial stability
Definition of the transverse metacentre (M); Ability to draw a diagram of a ship heeled to a small angle and indicate G,B,Z and M; Definition of GM; Ability to show that for small angles of heel (q), GZ = GM X sin q;
Ability to describe the effect on a ship’s behaviour of:
a) A large GM (stiff ship)
b) A small GM (tender ship)
Ability to use hydrostatic curves to find the height of the metacentre above the keel (KM) at given draughts; Given the values of KG, ability to use the values of KM obtained from hydrostatic curves to find the metacentre height, GM. Given a ship’s hydrostatic data and the disposition of cargo, fuel and water, calculate the metacentric height (GM); Ability to calculate the arrival GM from the conditions at departure and the consumption of fuel and water; Ability to identify when the ship will have the worst stability conditions during the passage; Ability to calculate the maximum weight which can be loaded at a given height above the keel to ensure a given minimum GM.

Angle of Loll
Ability to show that if G is raised above M, the couple formed by the weight and buoyancy force will turn the ship further from the upright; How B may move sufficiently to reduce the capsizing moment to zero at some angle of heel; Definition of angle of loll; An unstable ship may loll to either side, why this condition is potentially dangerous.

Curves of Statical Stability
Ability to identify cross curves (KN curves and MS curves); Derive the formula GZ = MS + GM sinq; Derive the formula GZ = KN – KG sinq; Derive GZ curves for stable and initially unstable ships from KN curves;
From a given curve of statical stability, ability to obtain:
a) The maximum righting lever and the angle at which it occurs;
b) The angle of vanishing stability;
c) The range of stability.
Ability to construct a GZ curve for a given displacement and KG and checks that the ship meets the minimum intact stability requirements; Ability to show how lowering the position of G increases all values of the righting lever and vice versa.

3) Working knowledge and application of stability, trim and stress tables, diagrams and stress-calculating equipment

Movement of the Centre of Gravity
Ability to calculate the movement of G (GG1) from:
GG1 = mass added or removed X distance of mass from G
new displacement of the ship
GG1 = mass moved X distance mass is moved
displacement of the ship
Perform calculations as in the above objective to find the vertical and horizontal shifts of the centre of gravity resulting from adding, removing, moving or suspending masses; Ability to calculate, by using moments about the keel, the position of G after loading or discharging given masses at stated positions;
Ability to calculate the change in KG during a passage resulting from:
a) Consumption of fuel and stores
b) Absorption of water by a deck cargo
c) Accretion of ice on decks and superstructures given the masses and their positions.

List and its correction
Ability to show on a diagram the forces which cause a ship to list when G is to one side of the centre line; Ability to show on a diagram that the angle of list (q) is given by:
tan q =  GG1
           GM
Where GG1 is the transverse shift of G from the centre line.
Given the displacement, KM and KG of a ship, ability to calculate the angle of list resulting from loading or discharging a given mass at a stated position, or from moving a mass through a given transverse distance; With reference to moments about the centre line, ability to explain how the list may be removed; Given the displacement, GM and the angle of list of a ship, ability to calculate the mass to load or discharge at a given position to bring the ship upright; Given the displacement, GM and angle of list of a ship, ability to calculate the mass to move through a given transverse distance to bring the ship upright; Given the draught, beam and rise of the floor, ability to calculate the increase in draught resulting from a stated angle of list; Ability to determine the expected maximum heel during the loading or discharging of a heavy lift with the ship’s gear; Ability to calculate the increased draught resulting from the heel.

Effect of slack tanks
Ability to show by means of diagrams how the centre of gravity of the liquid in a partly filled tank moves during rolling.

Effect of wind and effect of water on deck
Understanding the effect of severe wind and rolling in associated sea conditions, especially in following seas; Effect of water on deck including free surface effect.

4)Working knowledge and application of stability, trim and stress tables, diagrams and stress-calculating equipment

Trim
Definition of trim; Definition of centre of flotation (CF); Ability to use hydrostatic data to find the position of the centre of flotation (CF) for various draughts; Definition of a trimming moment; Definition of the moment to change trim by 1 cm (MCT 1 cm); Ability to use hydrostatic curves/tables or dead weight scale to find the MCT 1 cm for various draughts; Given the value of MCT 1 cm, masses moved and the distances moved forward or aft, ability to calculate the change in trim; Given the value of MCT 1 cm, the position of the centre of flotation, masses added or removed and their distances forward of or abaft the centre of flotation, ability to calculate the change of trim; Given initial draughts and the position of the centre of flotation, ability to extend the calculation in the above objective to find the new draughts; Given initial draughts and TPC, ability to extend the calculation in the above objective to find the new draughts; Given initial draughts and TPC, ability to extend the calculation to find the new draughts; Ability to use a trimming table or trimming curves to determine changes in draughts resulting from loading, discharging or moving weights; Ability to calculate how to divide a given mass between two given locations to produce a required trim or maximum draught after loading; Ability to calculate the locations at which to load a given mass so as to leave the after draught unchanged ability to calculate final draughts and trim for a planned loading by considering changes to a similar previous loading.

5) Understanding of fundamental actions to be taken in the event of partial loss of intact buoyancy

Knowledge that flooding should be countered by prompt closing of watertight doors, valves and any other openings which could lead to flooding or other compartments; Knowledge that cross-flooding arrangements, where they exist, should be put into operation immediately to limit the resulting list; Knowledge that any action, which could stop or reduce the inflow of water, should be taken.

6) Understanding of the fundamentals of watertight integrity

Understanding of the fundamentals of watertight integrity

7) General knowledge of the principal structural members of a ship and the proper names for the various parts

Ship dimensions and form
General arrangement of different types of ship; Ability to draw an elevation of the principal ship types, showing holds, engine room, peak tanks, double bottom tanks, hatchways and position of bulkheads; Ability to draw an elevation of a typical crude oil carrier, showing bulkheads, cofferdams, pump-room, engine-room, bunker and peak tanks, cargo tanks and permanent ballast tanks; Ability to draw a plan view of a tanker, showing the arrangement of cargo and ballast tanks; Definitions of the different dimensions and forms.

Ship stresses
Describe in qualitative terms shear force and bending moments; What is meant by hogging and sagging; Ability to describe the loading conditions which give rise to hogging and sagging stresses; How hogging and sagging stresses are caused by the sea state;
How hogging and sagging stresses result in tensile or compressive forces in the deck and bottom structure; Describe water pressure loads on the ship’s hull; Describe liquid pressure loading on the tank structures; Ability to calculate the pressure at any depth below the liquid surface, given the density of the liquid; Describe the stresses set up by liquid sloshing in a partly filled tank; Describe racking stress and its causes; What is meant by panting and which part of the ship is affected;
What is meant by pounding or slamming and which part of the ship is affected; Describe the stress caused by localized loading; Ability to demonstrate understanding of modern methods of determining the effects of different loading and ballasting on the ship’s structure; Ability to use modern computer software for determining stress; Have a working knowledge of the stress tables; How output data from ship stress finding system may be used; Torsion stress particularly with reference to container ship loading; Ability to analyze the stress areas created by bending moments and shearing forces derived by a stress indicator; Analyze the causes and effects of shearing forces and bending moments on ship’s structures; Definition of bending moment; Definition of Shearing forces; Ability to extract information from shear force and bending moment diagrams; Describe the constructional features, which compensate for stress.

Hull structure
Ability to identify structural components on ship’s plans and drawings:
a) Frames, floor, transverse frames, deck beams, knees, brackets
b) Shell plating, decks, tank top, stringers
c) Bulkheads and stiffeners, pillars
d) Hatch girders and beams, coamings, bulwarks
e) Bow and stern framing, cant beams, breasthooks
Ability to describe and illustrate standard steel sections:
a) Flat plate
b) Offset bulb plate
c) Equal angle
d) Unequal angle
e) Channel
f) Tee
Ability to identify longitudinal, transverse and combined systems of framing on transverse sections of the ships; Ability to sketch the arrangement of frames, webs and transverse members for each system; Ability to illustrate double-bottom structure for longitudinal and transverse framing; Ability to illustrate hold drainage systems and related structure; Ability to illustrate a duct keel; Ability to sketch the deck edge, showing attachment of sheer strake and stringer plate; Ability to sketch a radiused sheer strake and attached structure; Describe the stress concentration in the deck round hatch openings; Explain compensation for loss of strength at hatch openings; Ability to sketch a transverse section through a hatch coaming, showing the arrangement of coamings and deep webs; Ability to sketch a hatch corner in plan view, showing the structural arrangements; Ability to sketch deck-freeing arrangements, scuppers, freeing ports, open rails; Ability to illustrate the connection of superstructures to the hull at the ship’s side; Ability to sketch a plane bulkhead, showing connections to deck, sides and double bottom and the arrangement of stiffeners; Ability to sketch a corrugated bulkhead; Why transverse bulkheads have vertical corrugations and for-and-aft bulkheads have horizontal ones; Ability to describe the purpose of bilge keels and how they are attached to the ship’s side.

8.) General knowledge of the principal structural members of a ship and the proper names for the various parts

Ability to identify longitudinal, transverse and combined systems of framing on transverse sections of the ships; Ability to sketch the arrangement of frames, webs and transverse members for each system; Ability to illustrate double-bottom structure for longitudinal and transverse framing; Ability to illustrate hold drainage systems and related structure; Ability to illustrate a duct keel; Ability to sketch the deck edge, showing attachment of sheer strake and stringer plate; Ability to sketch a radiused sheer strake and attached structure; Describe the stress concentration in the deck round hatch openings; Explain compensation for loss of strength at hatch openings; Ability to sketch a transverse section through a hatch coaming, showing the arrangement of coamings and deep webs; Ability to sketch a hatch corner in plan view, showing the structural arrangements; Ability to sketch deck-freeing arrangements, scuppers, freeing ports, open rails; Ability to illustrate the connection of superstructures to the hull at the ship’s side; Ability to sketch a plane bulkhead, showing connections to deck, sides and double bottom and the arrangement of stiffeners; Ability to sketch a corrugated bulkhead; Why transverse bulkheads have vertical corrugations and for-and-aft bulkheads have horizontal ones; Ability to describe the purpose of bilge keels and how they are attached to the ship’s side.

Bow and Stern
Describe the provisions of additional structural strength to withstand pounding; Describe and illustrate the structural arrangements forward to withstand panting; Describe the function of the stern frame; Describe and sketch a stern frame for a single-screw ship; Describe and illustrate the construction of a transom stern, showing the connections to the stern frame.

Fittings
Describe and sketch an arrangement of modern weather-deck mechanical steel hatches;
How water tightness is achieved at the coamings and cross joints; Describe the cleating arrangements for the hatch covers; Ability to sketch an oil tight hatchcover; Describe roller, multi-angle, pedestal and panama fairleads; Ability to sketch mooring bitts, showing their attachments to the deck; Ability to sketch typical forecastle mooring and anchoring arrangements, showing the leads of moorings; Describe the construction and attachment to the deck of tension winches and explain how they are used; Describe the anchor handling arrangements from hawse pipe to spurling pipe; Describe the construction of chain lockers and how cables are secured in the lockers; How to secure anchors and make spurling pipes watertight in preparation for a sea passage; Describe the construction and use of a cable stopper; Describe the construction of masts and Sampson posts and how they are supported at the base; Describe the construction of derricks and deck cranes; Describe the bilge piping system of a cargo ship; Describe and sketch a bilge strum box; Describe a ballast system in a cargo ship; Describe the arrangement of a fire main; Describe the provision of sounding pipes and sketch a sounding pipe arrangement; Describe the fitting of air pipes to ballast tanks or fuel oil tanks; Describe the arrangement of fittings and lashings for the carriage of containers on deck.
 
9) General knowledge of the principal structural members of a ship and the proper names for the various parts

Rudder and propellers
Ability to describe the action of the rudder in steering a ship; Drawing of modern rudders: semi balanced, balanced and spade; Explain the purpose of the rudder carrier and pintles; How the weight of the rudder is supported by the rudder carrier; Ability to describe a rudder trunk; Ability to describe the arrangement of a watertight gland round the rudder stock; The principle of screw propulsion; Describe a propeller and define boss, rake, skew, face, back, tip, radius, pitch;
Compare fixed-pitch with controllable-pitch propellers; Ability to sketch the arrangement of an oil lubricated stern tube and tail shaft; Ability to sketch a cross-section of a shaft tunnel; Why the shaft tunnel must be of watertight construction and how water is prevented from entering the engine-room if the tunnel becomes flooded.

Load lines and draught marks
Explain where the deck line is marked; Definition of freeboard; What is meant by assigned summer freeboard; Ability to distinguished between ships of Type A and Type B for the purposes of computation of freeboard;  Ability to draw to scale the load line mark and the load lines for a ship given summer moulded draught, displacement and tonnes per centimetre immersion in salt water; Ability to use the chart of zones and seasonal areas to determine the load lines which apply for a particular passage; Given the ship’s hydrostatic data and the daily consumption of fuel and water, ability to determine the minimum departure freeboard and quantity to load, taking into account the zones, seasonal zones and areas through which the ship will pass; Ability to calculate the maximum quantity to load, taking account of loading, discharging and bunkering at an intermediate port or ports, so as to comply throughout with the load line regulations; Demonstrate how to read draughts.

Communications Level 1 & 2 (Com 1 & 2)

Com 1 & 2 is required for the following Transport Canada Certificates of Competencies:
• Fishing Master, 3rd Class (COM 1)
• Fishing Master, 2nd Class (COM 1)
• Fishing Master, 1st Class
• Chief Mate 500 GT, Domestic
• Watchkeeping Mate, Near Coastal
• Watchkeeping Mate
• Master 500 GT, Domestic (COM 1)
• Master 3000 GT, Domestic
• Master 500 GT, Near Coastal
• Master 3000 GT, Near Coastal
• Master, Near Coastal
• Master Mariner

<Flashing light exam only: $100.00 (no tax)

This course will be offered as self-study and will be available mid-January 2012

COM1 learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1) Ability to use the International Code of Signals 

International Code flags
Recognition of the International Code flags and pendants, substitutes flags and answering pendants; Action to take when signals are not understood; How the end of a signal is indicated; The use of identity signals; How to signal azimuth or bearing, course, date, latitude, longitude, distance, speed, time.
The significance of the arrangement of the Code into:
(a) single-letter signals;
(b) two letter signals;
(c) three-letter signals beginning with “M” for the Medical Section
The uses of complements and tables of complements; How to signal depths; The significance of text in brackets; The meanings of single-letter signals; Single-letter signals for use between an ice-breaker and assisted vessels; How time of origin may be included; Ability to code and decode messages, using the General sections; Ability to code and decode messages, using the Medical Sections and complements; The International Code Signal of distress.

2) Ability to use publications 

Use of Radio Aids to Marine Navigation for ascertaining facilities and services; Use of Annual Edition of Notices to Mariners.

COM2 learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1)Ability to transmit and receive signals by Morse light @ 4WPM

Morse symbols for the alphabet and numerals; Send and receives Morse signals by flashing light at a rate of a least 15 characters per minute; Lists the parts of a signal made by flashing as the call, the identity, the text, the ending; Demonstrates the procedure for sending a message to an unknown ship in plain language or in code; Correctly uses the “erase” signal when sending or receiving; Correctly uses the “repeat” signal; Correctly uses the repetition signals AA, AB, WA, WB, and BN; Explains the use of the waiting signal; Demonstrates the uses of the procedures signals C, N, RQ and states that they cannot be used with single-letter signals; Meaning and explains the use of YU, YV, YZ; Recommendations on sound signalling; List the single-letter signals which may be sounded only in compliance with the requirements of the International Regulations for preventing collisions at sea; Distress signal when made by flashing light.

2) Use the standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary as replaced by the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases and use of English in written and oral form.

Adequate knowledge and understanding of the English language, including the ability to use and understand the Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary as replaced by the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases English language
Use English in written and oral form to:
1. Use charts and other nautical publications;
2. Understanding meteorological information and messages concerning ship’s safety and operation;
3. Communicate with other ships and coast stations;
4. Perform the officer’s duties also with a multi-lingual crew.
Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary
Use standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary, as replaced by the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases.


General Ship Knowledge Level 3 (GSK 3)

GSK 3 is required for the following Transport Canada Certificates of Competencies:
• Chief Mate 500 GT, Domestic
• Watchkeeping Mate, Near Coastal
• Watchkeeping Mate
• Master 150 GT, Domestic

This course will be offered as self-study and will be available mid-January 2012.

GSK 3 learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1)Knowledge of the precautions to be taken to prevent pollution of the marine environment

Knowledge of precautions to be taken during fueling or oil transfer;  Precautions to be taken to prevent pollution of the marine environment by oil, sewage, garbage, antifouling system or other pollutant and air pollution; Take appropriate action in response to pollution incidents onboard and found at sea

2) Anti-pollution procedures and all associated equipment

Ability to describe the content and key points in a typical shipboard oil pollution emergency plan (SOPEP);  Basic knowledge of anti-pollution equipment required by MARPOL Convention and Canadian regulations;  Basic knowledge of Garbage management plans.

3) Knowledge of the pollution prevention requirements as contained in the Canadian Regulations

Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the following Canadian Regulations:
Regulations for Prevention of Pollution from Ships and for Dangerous Chemicals;
Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations;
Shipping Safety Control Zones Order.
Knowledge of the statutory requirements to report pollution incidents as contained in the Pollutant Discharge Reporting Regulations, 1995.

4) Basic working knowledge of the relevant IMO conventions concerning safety of life at sea and protection of the marine environment

Awareness of the layout, application and content of the following conventions and codes:
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from ships, 1973, and the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) and its Annexes;
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 as amended (SOLAS);
The International Safety Management (ISM) Code;
International Ship and Shore Facility Security (ISPS) Code;
The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1995 (STCW).

5) Knowledge of the Canada Shipping Act-2001

Canada Shipping Act (CSA) :
Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the Canada Shipping Act-2001, Part 1 to 6, 7 and 8.

6) Knowledge of Canadian Regulations and vessels documentation

Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the following Regulations:
Boat and Fire Drill and means of exit Regulations;
Life-Saving Equipment Regulations;
Fire Safety Regulations;
Ballast Water Control and Management Regulations;
Vessel Certificates Regulations;
Marine Personnel Regulations.

7) Knowledge of management of personnel

Knowledge of the basic safety and familiarization training required for all members of the complement;  Knowledge of the organization and training of crews for emergencies and related drills; Emergency procedure plans and station bills for tankers, passengers and cargo vessels; Practical knowledge of organization and training of the crew for routine operations and maintenance.
  
8. ) Comply with Marine Occupational Safety and Health legislation Canada Labour Code

Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the Canada Labour Code, the Marine Occupational Safety and Health Regulations and the Safety and Health Committees and Representatives Regulations.

Cargo Level 2 (CG 2)

CG 2 is required for the following Transport Canada Certificate of Competencies:
• Watchkeeping Mate, Near Coastal
• Watchkeeping Mate
• Master 3000 GT, Domestic
• Master 3000 GT, Near Coastal

This course will be offered as self-study and will be available mid-January 2012.

CG 2 learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1)Knowledge of the effect of cargo including heavy lifts on the seaworthiness and stability of the ship

Securing Cargoes
Methods of securing and stowing of all cargoes, cargo liable to slide, heavy loads, heavy lifts, vehicles, trailers, containers, portable tanks; Methods of blocking, lashing, shoring and tombing cargo; Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing; Basic knowledge of the content of the Guidelines for packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTUs).

Deck cargo
Cargoes other than in containers, commonly carried on deck: dangerous goods not permitted below decks, large units; Adequate stowage and securing of deck cargo for the worst conditions which could be experienced; Hatches securely closed and cleated before loading on them; Stowage should leave safe access to essential equipment and spaces needed to navigate and operate the ship; Deck cargo should not obstruct the view from the navigating bridge or overside at the bow; The weight of deck cargo should not exceed the maximum permissible load on the deck or hatches; Effects of a concentrated load; Effects of deck cargo on stability; Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use Part 1, Section 4 – Timber deck cargoes of the Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations; Ability to use the Canadian Code of Safe Practice for ships carrying timber deck cargoes.

Container cargo
Arrangements of a container ship; Sequence of operations during discharging and loading at a terminal; The factors involved in planning a container stow; Methods of safe stowage and securing of containers on deck; The types and sizes of container in use; Operational knowledge of the Safe Container Convention Regulations.

Bulk Cargo (Other than grain)
Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use Part 1, Section 2 – Solid bulk cargoes other than grain of the Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations; Basic knowledge of the contents, application and intent of the IMO Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes; Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the Code of practice for the safe loading and unloading of Bulk Carriers (BLU Code); Ability to identify the loading, stowage and leveling requirements for various bulk cargoes; Knowledge of the content, application and ability to use TP 10944 – Notice to Shipmasters Loading Coal; Precautions to take during loading, transportation and discharging coal; Hazards associated with coal cargoes; Ventilation of coal; Transportations of concentrate cargoes; Definitions of angle of repose, cargoes which may liquefy, flow moisture point, flow state, transportable moisture limit; Inspection and preparation of cargo holds prior to loading bulk cargoes; Separation between certain bulk cargoes and other than bulk cargoes is required; Some bulk cargoes may deplete the oxygen content of holds or produce toxic gases, precautions to be taken before entry of holds.

2) Knowledge of the effect of cargo including heavy lifts on the seaworthiness and stability of the ship

Bulk Grain Cargo
Ability to use Part 1, Section 3 – Grain cargoes and Part II – Fumigation of the Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations; Basic knowledge of the International Code for the safe carriage of grain in bulk; Definitions of grain, filled compartment and partly filled compartment; Cleaning and preparation of holds and decks for the carriage of grain; Importance of trimming: filled and partly filled compartments; How the surface of a partly filled compartment is secured against movement; How to separate two different bulk grain cargoes loaded into the same compartment; Role of Agriculture Canada regarding the carriage of grain; Insect or rodent infestation.
 
3) Knowledge of safe handling, stowage and securing of cargoes including dangerous, hazardous and harmful cargoes and their effect on the safety of life and of the ship

Cargo Care
Inspection and preparation of holds; Segregation and separation of cargoes; Ventilation and control; Refrigerated Cargo.

Dangerous, Hazardous and Harmful Cargoes
Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code; Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations; Knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the IMO Emergency procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods (EmS), the IMO Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents Involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG) and the International Medical Guide for Ships (IMGS); Knowledge of the content, application and ability to use Part 1, Section 5 – Dangerous goods (packaged) of the Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations.

Cargo Handling Equipment and Safety
Practical knowledge of the rigging of ships, comprising the names, purpose and construction of standing and running rigging; Reeving of blocks and purchases; Rigging of booms for single boom and union-working boom; Purposes and construction of the various parts of a boom; Positioning and construction of guys and preventers; Stresses on the various parts of a boom system during operation; Top, lower derricks safely, securing derricks foe sea; Use of slings, snotters, canvas slings, trays, pallets, nets, chain slings, cant hooks, bale hooks and vehicle slings; Advantages and disadvantages of ship’s cranes and derricks for handling cargo; Precautions to be taken when fork-lift trucks or similar devices are used in the tween-decks or holds; Visual inspections required before the start of cargo operations each day and the frequent inspections of gear while in use for cargo operations; Safe Working Load; Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to use the Safe Working Practices Regulations; The need for accident prevention and precautions to be taken in ship operation; Hatch covers; Awareness of the content of the Code of Safe Working Practices for Self-Unloading Vessels; Knowledge of Part III – Tackle of the Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations and associated documentations.

Oil tanker Piping and Pumping Arrangements: Tanker Arrangement; Cargo piping system; Cargo pumps.

Precautions before entering enclosed or contaminated spaces: Procedures and precautions for entry into enclosed spaces; Gas monitoring equipment, fixed and portable; Personnel safety equipment, clothing and personal protection; Shipboard emergency plan; Check list to obtain a permit to enter; Ventilation.
Knowledge of safe handling, stowage and securing of cargoes including dangerous, hazardous and harmful cargoes and their effect on the safety of life and of the ship

Cargo calculations and Cargo plans:
Bale capacity and grain capacity; Stowage factor, broken stowage; Maximum height to which cargo of stated stowage factor can be loaded; Ullage; Use tank calibration tables and given cargo density to calculate the weight in a tank; Use tank calibration tables and given weights and densities of cargo to determine the ullages required; Determine the ullage to leave to produce a given minimum ullage after allowing for expansion of cargo; Corrects densities for temperature; Extracts information from cargo plans of general cargo ships or container ships; Draw up a cargo plan from given information; Uses a hold capacity plan to estimate the depth of cargo in a hold or the area of tween-deck required for a given cargo; Uses a capacity plan to estimate the quantity of cargo, which can be loaded in part of a tween-deck.
 
4) Ability to establish and maintain effective communications during loading and unloading 

Basic knowledge of the exchange of information and communications required between the ship and terminal under the Code of practice for the safe loading and unloading of Bulk Carriers (BLU code); The communication requirements under the Regulations for the prevention of pollution from ships and for dangerous chemicals.

5) Basic knowledge of the content and application of SOLAS chapters VI, VII and XII

Chapter VI – Carriage of Cargoes
Part A – General provisions;
Part B – Special provisions for bulk cargoes other than grain;
Part C – Carriage of grain.

Chapter VII – Carriage of Dangerous Goods
Part A – Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form;
Part A-1 – Carriage of dangerous goods in solid form in bulk;
Part B – Construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous liquid chemicals in bulk;
Part C – Construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk;
Part D – Special requirements for the carriage of packaged irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes on board ships.

Chapter XII – Additional safety measures for bulk carriers

Marine Engineering Tutorials

 
Math Refresher for Marine Engineers

Need a math refresher to get ready for the second-class or first-class marine engineering exams? Then this is the course for you! Basic concepts and definitions such as algebra, trigonometry, complex numbers, logarithms, geometry, and differential equations will be emphasized. A great way to sharpen your math skills!

Math Refresher will not be offered in Winter 2012.

Applied Mechanics Tutorial

This tutorial is for experienced 4th and 3rd class engineers preparing for 2nd and 1st class engineer examinations.

Participants will learn the principles of statics, dynamics, beam theory and machines.

This course is being developed as a distant learning course but will not be available to mid-2012.

Applied Mechanics learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1) Statics and forces

Force as a vector; triangle and polygon forces; resultant and equilibrant of a system of concurrent coplanar forces; equilibrium of three coplanar forces; moment of a force; couples; moments of areas and volumes; centroids and centres of gravity (limited to geometrical shapes); conditions of equilibrium of solids; necessary force applied parallel to an inclined plane to pull body up or down the plane or to hold it stationary (including effect of friction); work done at uniform speed up the plane.

2) Friction

Coefficient of friction; friction angle; energy and power loss due to friction in simple bearings.

3) Kinematics

Linear motion; graphs and equations for displacement, speed, velocity and uniform acceleration; velocity as a vector; relative velocities in one plane only; angular motion; equations for displacement, velocity and uniform acceleration.

4) Dynamics

Work and power; problems with constant force or force with linear variation; energy; potential energy; kinetic energy of translation; Newton’s laws of motion; conservation of momentum; centrifugal force and its application to conical pendulum, unloaded governor, curved tracks and machine parts; stress in thin rim due to centrifugal action.

5) Machines

Simple lifting machine; graphs of load effort and load efficiency; linear law; velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency of the following machines: wheel and axle, differential wheel and axle, rope-pulley blocks, differential-pulley blocks, screw jack, Warwick screw, hydraulic jack, worm-driven chain blocks and single- and double-purchase crab winches; reduction gearing.

6) Stress and strain

Direct stress and strain; modulus of elasticity; shear stress and strain; modulus of rigidity; factor of safety; stress due to restricted expansion or contraction of single members.

7) Beams

Shearing force and bending moment diagrams for cantilevers and simple supported beams with concentrated or uniformly-distributed loads; stress due to bending.

8. Torsion

Strength and stiffness of solid or hollow shafts; stress due to torsion; power transmitted by shafts and coupling bolts.

9) Thin shells

Circumferential and longitudinal stress in thin cylindrical shells subject to internal pressure.

10) Hydrostatics

Equilibrium of floating bodies; variation of fluid pressure with depth; total force due to liquid pressure on immersed plane surfaces, horizontal or vertical; centre of pressure on a rectangular vertical plane surface or triangular plane surface, both with one edge parallel to the surface of the liquid.

11) Hydraulics

Full-bore flow of liquid through pipes under constant head; flow through orifice; coefficients of velocity, contraction of area and discharge.

Thermodynamics Tutorial

Thermodynamics is for experienced 4th and 3rd class engineers preparing for 2nd and 1st class engineer examinations.

Principles, terms and procedures used in the determination of heat measurement, heat transfer, mechanical efficiency, internal energy, boiler efficiency, and the vapour-compression cycle will be studied.

This course is being developed as a distant learning course but will not be available to mid-2012.

Thermodynamics learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1)Heat

Temperature and its measurement; absolute temperature; specific heat capacity; specific enthalpy of evaporation and fusion; problems involving changes of phase and not more than three substances; linear, superficial and volumetric expansion due to temperature changes; coefficients and the relationship between them.

2) Basic thermodynamic principles

Properties of working substances and the first law of thermodynamics; flow and non-flow processes and their application to steady-flow and non-flow processes.

3) Heat transfer

Qualitative treatment of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation; laws of conduction and thermal conductance and applications to problems.

4) Gases laws

Boyle’s and Charles’ laws for perfect gases; characteristic equation; constant R and its use in simple problems; isothermal, adiabatic and polytrophic processes; relationships between pressure, temperature and volume; work done; change in internal energy; specific heat Cp and Cv and the relationship between them.

5) Ideal gas cycles

Constant volume cycles; diesel cycle; dual cycle; air standard efficiency.

6) IC engines

Elementary principles and cycles of operation; actual indicator diagrams; mean effective pressure; work done; power developed; indicated and brake thermal efficiencies; mechanical efficiency; overall efficiency; fuel consumption; energy balance chart.

7) Air compressors

Elementary principles and cycles of operation; calculation of work done; indicator diagrams, reciprocating and rotating machines.

8. Properties of steam

Dryness fraction; superheated steam; internal energy; enthalpy; specific volume; steam tables; throttling; separating and throttling calorimeters; use of steam tables and charts.

9) Steam plant

Advantages of using steam expansively; thermal, mechanical and overall efficiencies of prime movers; boiler efficiency; heat balance for engine and boiler trials; change in dissolved solids in boilers and evaporators due to contaminated feed and effect of blowing down; elementary principles of steam turbines, including simple velocity diagrams for impulse and reaction turbines; force and work done on turbine blades.

10) Combustion

Solid and liquid fuels; calorific value; chemical equations for complete combustion; theoretical minimum air required; excess air effect.

11) Refrigeration

Vapour-compression cycle; refrigerating effect; cooling load; use of tables of properties of refrigerants; coefficient of performance.

Electrotechnology Tutorial

Electrotechnology is for experienced 4th and 3rd class engineers preparing for 2nd and 1st class engineer examinations.

Comprehensive study of construction and practical operations of DC & AC equipment including transformers, generators, motors. Other topics include alternating current generation, conversion, and distribution and consumption equipment used in marine plants.

Textbook is included in the course fee.

This course is being developed as a distant learning course but will not be available to mid-2012.

Electrotechnology learning objectives/competencies as described in TP2293:

1) The electric circuit

Units (ampere, ohm, volt); difference between electromotive force and potential difference; Ohm’s law; Kirchoff’s laws; simple-series and parallel circuits involving EMF current and resistances; non-linear resistors in parallel with constant value resistors; power and energy; specific resistance; temperature coefficient of resistance; conductor resistance, effect of length, area, material and temperature; DC 2 wire distribution system; types of insulation; Wheatstone network bridge, slide-wire bridge; applications to steering gears, resistance pyrometers, strain gauges etc.

2) Electrolytic action and secondary cells

Theory of electrolytic dissociation applied to common solutions; uses of electrolysis; secondary cells (acid or alkaline), construction and principles, maintenance, charging; watt-hour and ampere-hour efficiencies.

3) Electromagnetism

Electromagnetic induction; simple magnetic circuit; simple magnetic theory; magnetic field; lines of force; field strength; field intensity; magnetic fields due to current in straight conductors, loops, coils and solenoids; relative directions of current and field; Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws; magnitude and direction of induced EMF; force produced on a current-carrying conductor; flux density; effect of iron; magneto motive-force; permeability; reluctance; simple magnetic circuit; typical B/H and u/B curves.

4) Electronics

Qualitative treatment of atomic structure and bonding; semi-conductors; junction diodes, junction transistors and their operating characteristics; simple transistor circuits; conduction in gases, insulators, semi-conductors and conductors; photo-electric effect.

5) Alternating-current theory

Simple continuous periodic waves: frequency, amplitude, instantaneous, maximum r.m.s. and average values, form factor; phasor representation of AC quantities; phase difference; the inductor; inductance and its effect on the circuit; the capacitor, capacitance and its effect on the circuit; simple- series and parallel circuits; relationship between resistance, reactance and impedance; simple treatment of power factor; power in single-phase AC circuit.

6) Instruments

Qualitative treatment of the principles and functions of AC and DC, indicating instruments and relays; uses of shunts and series resistances to increase the range; rectifiers and transducers.

7) Distribution systems

Systems for AC and DC shipboard installations; protective devices such as fuses, circuit breakers, earth lamps; cable material and installation; connection of shore supply; operation and testing by standard methods; maintenance of additional and control equipment to be observed during testing, and evaluation of test results.

8. DC Machines
The principles, constructional details and protection of DC-series, shunt and compound-wound motors and generators; self-excitation, EMF and load-voltage equations; load characteristics; methods of voltage control; paralleling procedures and load sharing for generators; need for and types of starter; speed and torque equations; speed control of DC motors.

9) AC Machines

Simple explanation of the principles, constructional details and protection of alternators, squirrel-cage induction motors and single-phase transformers; parallel running and synchronizing theory.

10) Propulsion

Principles and operation of electric propulsion; construction details; control of excitation; killer circuits; connection of armatures; monitoring and control of field current; basic

Naval Architecture Tutorial

Naval Architecture is for experienced 4th and 3rd class engineers preparing for 2nd and 1st class engineer examinations.

This tutorial will provide instruction on the principles of transverse stability, ship construction as well as draught and buoyancy.

This course is being developed as a distant learning course but will not be available to mid-2012.

1) General

Displacement, wetted surface, block, mid-section, prismatic and water plane area coefficient; tonne per centimetre immersion; application of Simpson’s rules to areas, moment of area, volumes and moment of volume.

2) Draught and buoyancy

Alteration of mean draught due to change in density of water; buoyancy and reserve buoyancy; effect of bilging amidship compartments.

3)Transverse stability

Centre of gravity; centre of buoyancy; metacentre; shift of centre of gravity due to addition or removal of mass, transverse movement of mass, suspended mass; stability at small angles of heel (given the second moment of area of the water plane or formulae); the inclining experiment; hydrostatic curves and stability curves.

4) Resistance and propulsion

Comparison of skin frictional resistance of hull with model at different speeds; Rf = f.S.Vn and residual resistance; admiralty and fuel coefficients; relation between speed of vessel and fuel consumption with constant displacement and assuming that resistance varies as (speed) zYn; elementary treatment of propeller and simple problems on pitch, pitch ratio, apparent slip, real slip, wake, thrust and power.

5) Structural strength

Simple problems on strength of structural members to resist liquid pressure; loading due to head of liquid.

6) Ship construction

Common terms used in the measurement of steel ships (e.g., length between perpendiculars, breadth overall, moulded depth, draught and freeboard); definitions of shipbuilding terms in general use; descriptions and sketches of structural members in ordinary types of steel ships; water-tight doors, hatches, rudders, bow thrusters, propellers, watertight bulk-heads, double bottoms, anchors and cables; descriptive treatment of effect of free surface of liquids on stability; arrangements for the carriage of dangerous goods in bulk; strengthening of vessels for navigation in ice; welding in steel ships.

7) Ventilation arrangements

Natural and mechanical ventilation for pump rooms in tankers and for holds and oil fuel tanks, accommodation and machinery spaces.

8. Tanks

Fore and aft peak tanks, double bottom and deep tank filling and pumping arrangements; compartmental drainage; levelling arrangements for damaged side compartments.

9) Inspection

Underwater parts of a ship in dry-dock; provision of fire protection; security arrangements.

Page last updated Nov 21/11